The Theory Of Effective Altruism - 968 Words

Effective altruism is a movement that focused on both the heart and the head. It allows people to feel empathy towards others and use reason to make a decision that is â€Å"effective and well-directed.† Peter Singer, a moral philosopher, addresses an audience in a TED talk regarding effective altruism and personal obligation towards others. His effective altruism relates closely to the ethical framework of utilitarianism as well as deontology of philosopher Immanuel Kant. Peter Singer’s idea of effective altruism follows greatly from his commitment to utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that claims that an action is moral only if it maximizes utility, or happiness, for the collective good. In his TED talk, Singer uses several examples of effective altruism that follow his commitment to utilitarianism. One of the main concerns related to effective altruism that he addresses is the overall effectiveness of certain charities and this relates to his commitm ent to utilitarianism. One example that he used was related to providing a blind American person with a trained service dog. These dogs cost about $40,000 to train and they benefit one person. However, with that same amount of money, somewhere between 400 and 2,000 people living with trachoma in developing countries could have been cured of their blindness. In this case, Singer would argue that providing a service dog to a blind American would not be ethical because it does not provide the greatest amount ofShow MoreRelatedKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pagesone also needs to consider whether his / her actions respect the human being goals or just merely using them for own selfish ambitions. In addition, if no is the answer, then such action should not be undertaken. Kant’s theory is a good example of the deontological moral theory, which takes that the rightness, as well as wrongness of an action, depends on the fulfillment of our duties and not on their consequences. Kant further believed that there exist a supreme principle of morality which he categorizedRead More1. Introduction Altruism is unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others; behaviour by1700 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Altruism is unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others; behaviour by an animal that is not beneficial to or may be harmful to itself but that benefits others of its species. (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, n.d.) We often may feel like we are doing something to benefit others, but consider Darwinian evolution, which is the theory according to which species evolve by natural selection - the basic mechanism of evolution whereby those individuals in a population thatRead MoreEvolution and Moral Truths Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesmorals come directly from God and can not be proven by physical and earthly means such as evolution. This paper will examine the opposing idea, which states that evolution does in fact provide evidence for morality and that moral truths can back up the theory of evolution. In order to fully examine this argument, it must first be determined what moral and absolute truths are. Attempting to define absolute truths is quite difficult. In today’s culture, it is often confused with relative truth. The ideaRead MoreThe Salience Of Humanity And Self Actualized People1359 Words   |  6 Pageshypothesize that humanity is salient in self-actualized people. Regard-ing perceived similarity, perhaps some people see themselves as being similar to most every-one, therefore have less reliance on stereotypes and schemas. Empathy A central element of altruism is empathy, involving affective, cognitive, and neuro-physiological processes. Three key components of empathy are personal distress, empathic concern, and perspective taking (Habashi, Graziano, Hoover, 2016). Personal distress is self-centeredRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behavior Is Defined As A Set Of Behaviors1669 Words   |  7 PagesThey presented their genuine theories that was further carried by a number of researchers like Podsakoff and Mackenzie in 1993, Jhangir et al., in the year of 2004, Khalid and Ali in 2005. In 1983, researcher named as Smith et al., specified two basic dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior which are known as altruism and generalized compliance. But later on in 1988, Organ identified five dimensions of Organizational citizenship behavior named as altruism, sportsmanship, conscientiousnessRead MoreRoles And Values Within The Profession Of Nursing969 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent roles in the nursing profession is the fact that they each rely on nursing research, theories, and evidence based practice to provide safe, quality care to patients. Without nursing research, theories, and evidence based practice, nursing care would be based on trial and error methods that often cause more harm than good to the patient. As a provider of care, professional nurses depend on research, theories, and evidence based practice to guide the care they provide to patients. Nurses deliverRead MoreAltruism : David Sloan Wilson1960 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The subject of altruism has a long history of contention amongst academic researchers and religious scholars alike. The term itself originated in the 19th century, first coined by French philosopher, Auguste Comte. Since then however, there have been many different theories and evaluations regarding altruism. David Sloan Wilson, a distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at Binghamton University, has attempted to provide a new insight into this topic, using hisRead MoreThe Importance Of Professionalism At A Physical Therapy Degree Program944 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical therapy degree program I am asked to define professionalism. Professionalism, according to the American Physical Therapy Association, is broken down into five core values: integrity, accountability, excellence, compassion and caring, and altruism.1 Each of these core values are equally important and will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Integrity is the first core value and one that I deem to be most important. Integrity is honesty with yourself and the people with which my educationRead MoreSelfish Relations : An Evolutionary Explanation Of Altruistic Behaviors1528 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits. This idea can be supported by examples of reciprocity, altruistic punishment, and Malthusianism. This discourse will also discuss whether â€Å"true altruism† exists, and that if cooperation is to be associated with altruistic behavior then the only explanatory model possible for its emergence is via group selection, which indicates that altruism is an insipidly evolved trait. There are very clear benefits to cooperative behavior, especially for exceptionally social species like humans. SelfishRead MoreConsequentialism Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages2006). The three sub-categories of consequentialism are altruism, utilitarianism and egoism. Altruism is when the actions of a person promote the best consequences for others, yet do not benefit the person who performed the act. Abruzzi and McGandy (2006) explain that Auguste Comte developed the term to support his ethical stance that humans are morally obliged to serve the interests of others, even at their own expense. From an altruism perspective the teacher should take her need to be employed

Benefits of studying abroad Free Essays

Studying abroad is one of the best experiences a student can have in the course of learning. Students who go through such an experience have been at advantaged position as they have been able to sample a different culture from their own. Studying abroad involves going beyond the border mostly to a foreign country. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of studying abroad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students moves to a new environment which might be totally different from what he or she is used to. At times the students may be introduced a new system. The reasons as to why people go to study abroad are as varied as the number of students who go through such an exciting experience. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying abroad usually prepares the students to work and live in a multicultural setting where they interact and learn about the other cultures. It encourages students to have academic discipline as they learn to reason in a totally or slightly different system. Through such an experience students are taught to be independent where they get to do things on their own sometimes in environment which encourage tolerance and accommodation. Through such an exposure the students learn to respect other people’s ways of life despite the differences. This enhances their prospects for the future jobs especially those which are international in nature. (Cressy, W 2004) Studying in a foreign country affords the students many rare chances, these includes learning a new language and an opportunity to experience different cultures, history and environment. It accords the students an opportunity to witness some of the things learnt in text books firsthand. In the modern world employers are seeking skills which have been polished through overseas engagement. A student who has studied in a foreign country will be in a better position to secure employment as he or she will be bringing a new experience to an organization. Studying abroad is a very special opportunity which helps the students to develop certain skills, adaptability and confidence. It is an adventure that moulds the students into individual who can fit in different cultures around the world. Reference Cressy, W (2004) A guide to Studying Abroad, Princeton Review How to cite Benefits of studying abroad, Papers

Future Plans About Graduate School free essay sample

He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. [1] His work frequently employed settings from rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical themes. One of the most popular and critically respected American poets of his generation, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. Biography Early years Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr. , and Isabelle Moodie. [1] His mother was of Scottish descent, and his father descended from Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to New Hampshire in 1634 on the Wolfrana. [citation needed] Frosts father was a teacher and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (which later merged with the San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful candidate for city tax collector. After his death on May 5, 1885, the family moved across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts, under the patronage of (Roberts grandfather) William Frost, Sr. , who was an overseer at a New England mill. Frost graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892. [2] Frosts mother joined the Swedenborgian church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult. Although known for his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the city, and he published his first poem in his high schools magazine. He attended Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs – including helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers, and working in a factory as an arclight carbon filament changer. He did not enjoy these jobs, feeling his true calling was poetry. Adult years In 1894 he sold his first poem, My Butterfly. An Elegy (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent) for $15 ($398 today). Proud of his accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish college (at St. Lawrence University) before they married. Frost then went on an excursion to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and asked Elinor again upon his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were married at Lawrence, Massachusetts on December 19, 1895. Frost attended Harvard University from 1897–1899, but he left voluntarily due to illness. [3][4][5] Shortly before dying, Roberts grandfather purchased a farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; and Robert worked the farm for nine years, while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. Ultimately his farming proved unsuccessful and he returned to the field of education as an English teacher at New Hampshires Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire. In 1912 Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, settling first in Beaconsfield, a small town outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boys Will, was published the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock Poets), T. E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound. Although Pound would become the first American to write a favorable review of Frosts work, Frost later resented Pounds attempts to manipulate his American prosody. Frost met or befriended many contemporary poets in England, especially after his first two poetry volumes were published in London in 1913 (A Boys Will) and 1914 (North of Boston). As World War I began, Frost returned to America in 1915 and bought a farm in Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, teaching and lecturing. This family homestead served as the Frosts summer home until 1938. It is maintained today as The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference site. During the years 1916–20, 1923–24, and 1927–1938, Frost taught English at Amherst College in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for the myriad sounds and intonations of the spoken English language in their writing. He called his colloquial approach to language the sound of sense. [6] In 1924, he won the first of four Pulitzer Prizes for the book New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes. He would win additional Pulitzers for Collected Poems in 1931, A Further Range in 1937, and A Witness Tree in 1943. [7] For forty-two years—from 1921 to 1963—Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain campus at Ripton, Vermont. He is credited as a major influence upon the development of the school and its writing programs. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead as a national historic site near the Bread Loaf campus. In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927 when he returned to teach at Amherst. While teaching at the University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters. [8] The Robert Frost Ann Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and relocated to the museums Greenfield Village site for public tours. In 1940 he bought a 5-acre (2. 0Â  ha) plot in South Miami, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters there for the rest of his life. 9] His properties also included a house on Brewster Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that today belongs to the National Historic Register. Harvards 1965 alumni directory indicates Frost received an honorary degree there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and was the only person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him. Frost was 86 when he read his well-known poem The Gift Outright at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He died in Boston two years later, on January 29, 1963, of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph quotes the last line from his poem, The Lesson for Today (1942): I had a lovers quarrel with the world. One of the original collections of Frost materials, to which he himself contributed, is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence and photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings. [11] The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a small collection of his papers. The most signi ficant collection of Frosts working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth. Style and critical response The poet/critic Randall Jarrell often praised Frosts poetry and wrote, Robert Frost, along with Stevens and Eliot, seems to me the greatest of the American poets of this century. Frosts virtues are extraordinary. No other living poet has written so well about the actions of ordinary men; his wonderful dramatic monologues or dramatic scenes come out of a knowledge of people that few poets have had, and they are written in a verse that uses, sometimes with absolute mastery, the rhythms of actual speech. He also praised Frosts seriousness and honesty, stating that Frost was particularly skilled at representing a wide range of human experience in his poems. [12] Jarrells notable and influential essays on Frost include the essays Robert Frosts Home Burial' (1962), which consisted of an extended close reading of that particular poem, and To The Laodiceans (1952) in which Jarrell defended Frost against critics who had accused Frost of being too traditional and ou t of touch with Modern or Modernist poetry. In Frosts defense, Jarrell wrote the regular ways of looking at Frosts poetry are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsificationscoming to know his poetry well ought to be enough, in itself, to dispel any of them, and to make plain the necessity of finding some other way of talking about his work. And Jarrells close readings of poems like Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep led readers and critics to perceive more of the complexities in Frosts poetry. 13][14] In an introduction to Jarrells book of essays, Brad Leithauser notes that, the other Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun New England rustic—the dark Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has become the Frost weve all learned to recognize, and the little-known poems Jarrell singled out as central to the Frost cannon are now to be found in most anthologies. [15][16] Jarrell lists a selection of the Frost poems he considers the most masterful, including The Witch of Coos, Home Bur ial, A Servant to Servants, Directive, Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep, Provide, Provide, Acquainted with the Night, After Apple Picking, Mending Wall, The Most of It, An Old Mans Winter Night, To Earthward, Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, Spring Pools, The Lovely Shall Be Choosers, Design, [and] Desert Places. [17] In The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann and Robert OClair compared and contrasted Frosts unique style to the work of the poet Edwin Arlington Robinson since they both frequently used New England settings for their poems. However, they state that Frosts poetry was less [consciously] literary and that this was possibly due to the influence of English and Irish writers like Thomas Hardy and W. B. Yeats. They note that Frosts poems show a successful striving for utter colloquialism and always try to remain down to earth, while at the same time using traditional forms despite the trend of American poetry towards free verse which Frost famously said was like playing tennis without a net. [18] In providing an overview of Frosts style, the Poetry Foundation makes the same point, placing Frosts work at the crossroads of nineteenth-century American poetry [with regard to his use of traditional forms] and modernism [with his use of idiomatic language and ordinary, every day subject matter]. They also note that Frost believed that the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form was more helpful than harmful because he could focus on the content of his poems instead of concerning himself with creating innovative new verse forms. [20] Personal life Robert Frosts personal life was plagued with grief and loss. In 1885 when Frost was 11, his father died of tuberculosis, leaving the family with jus t eight dollars. Frosts mother died of cancer in 1900. In 1920, Frost had to commit his younger sister Jeanie to a mental hospital, where she died nine years later. Mental illness apparently ran in Frosts family, as both he and his mother suffered from depression, and his daughter Irma was committed to a mental hospital in 1947. Frosts wife, Elinor, also experienced bouts of depression. 8] Elinor and Robert Frost had six children: son Elliot (1896–1904, died of cholera); daughter Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899–1983); son Carol (1902–1940, committed suicide); daughter Irma (1903–1967); daughter Marjorie (1905–1934, died as a result of puerperal fever after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just three days after her birth in 1907). Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frosts wife, who had heart problems throughout her life, developed breast cancer in 1937,